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Molecular organic geochemistry of ca...

Wei, Zhibin.

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Molecular organic geochemistry of cage compounds and biomarkers in the geosphere: A novel approach to understand petroleum evolution and alteration.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Molecular organic geochemistry of cage compounds and biomarkers in the geosphere: A novel approach to understand petroleum evolution and alteration./
作者:	Wei, Zhibin.
面頁冊數:	384 p.
附註:	Adviser: J. Michael Moldowan.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International67-11B.
標題:	Biogeochemistry. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3242636
ISBN:	9780542984600

Molecular organic geochemistry of cage compounds and biomarkers in the geosphere: A novel approach to understand petroleum evolution and alteration.
Wei, Zhibin.

Molecular organic geochemistry of cage compounds and biomarkers in the geosphere: A novel approach to understand petroleum evolution and alteration. - 384 p.

Adviser: J. Michael Moldowan.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2007.

Nanometer-sized diamondoids are complex mixtures of compact and caged polycycloalkane molecules and have long been known to occur naturally in virtually all petroleum. However, their origin in nature has puzzled organic geochemists for several decades. Various research strategies are used to help pinpoint the organic precursors and formation mechanisms of diamondoids. The present work has demonstrated that diamondoids in nature are not biosynthetic products, but originate from petroleum precursor molecules through rearrangements involving numerous carbonium ion intermediates in the presence of acidic clays. Higher diamondoids are created from the acidic clay-catalyzed rearrangement and recombination of lower parent nanodiamonds. The pattern of diamondoid formation appears to parallel that of oil generation in nature. The formation of diamondoids follows carbonium ion mechanisms rather then free radical mechanisms, as supported by the findings that acidic clays largely facilitate the generation of diamondoids from kerogen compared with S0 and other minerals. Despite their high stability, nanodiamonds are perishable in the geosphere. Compelling evidence can be provided by thermal destruction of diamantane at higher temperatures in the laboratory, a dramatic drop in the abundance of diamondoids in the extracts of highly mature coals and sedimentary rocks, as well as biodegradability of adamantanes in petroleum reservoirs where microbial activities are evident.

ISBN: 9780542984600Subjects--Topical Terms:

545717
Biogeochemistry.

Molecular organic geochemistry of cage compounds and biomarkers in the geosphere: A novel approach to understand petroleum evolution and alteration.
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520 $a Nanometer-sized diamondoids are complex mixtures of compact and caged polycycloalkane molecules and have long been known to occur naturally in virtually all petroleum. However, their origin in nature has puzzled organic geochemists for several decades. Various research strategies are used to help pinpoint the organic precursors and formation mechanisms of diamondoids. The present work has demonstrated that diamondoids in nature are not biosynthetic products, but originate from petroleum precursor molecules through rearrangements involving numerous carbonium ion intermediates in the presence of acidic clays. Higher diamondoids are created from the acidic clay-catalyzed rearrangement and recombination of lower parent nanodiamonds. The pattern of diamondoid formation appears to parallel that of oil generation in nature. The formation of diamondoids follows carbonium ion mechanisms rather then free radical mechanisms, as supported by the findings that acidic clays largely facilitate the generation of diamondoids from kerogen compared with S0 and other minerals. Despite their high stability, nanodiamonds are perishable in the geosphere. Compelling evidence can be provided by thermal destruction of diamantane at higher temperatures in the laboratory, a dramatic drop in the abundance of diamondoids in the extracts of highly mature coals and sedimentary rocks, as well as biodegradability of adamantanes in petroleum reservoirs where microbial activities are evident.
520 $a Thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) is an abiogenic process in which hydrocarbons are oxidized by inorganic sulfate in deep, hot reservoirs. TSR destroys hydrocarbons, but also generates large quantities of organic sulfur compounds, H2S, CO2, and S0. It can severely diminish the amounts of producible hydrocarbons and increase production and processing costs. It is therefore important to develop improved methods to detect the occurrence of TSR and predict the abundance and distribution of produced H2S. The work on heteroatomic diamondoids (thiadiamondoids and diamondoidthiols) suggests that these compounds represent unique molecular probes to recognize and quantify the extent of TSR in petroleum reservoirs. The present study unequivocally confirms that these heteroatomic cage compounds primarily originate from diamondoids by sulfurization under TSR conditions. Alternatively, they may be partly formed by rearrangement of polycyclic sulfides and thiols in the presence of acidic clays.
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